Those five points from 'Think Python' lie the basis of most computer programs. I could not think of simplifying it much more than that.
What has been done so far is to output data with print.
There are generally two types of data - words and numbers but in the programming world, words are described by strings or characters while numbers are described by integers, floats etc. "Hello World!" is a string.
To input a string, use raw_input()
name = raw_input('What is your name?')
print name
The above, stores the input into a variable called name and then prints the name.
What is stored in a variable, can be changed in the program.
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